How to Setup a Small Solar System Generator – Know How Much Power You Need

Do you need a small solar power setup that can power your laptop and fan and charge phones and tablets only? In this write up, I will explain some things you need to know about solar power and how to get the best out of it based on my own personal experience

To setup any solar system or solar power generator, you need to buy these components below.
NOTE: This configurations is for small use, we just need to power a laptop and a fan

1) Battery bank (100AH)
2) Inverter, off grid (500Watt or 0.5KVA)
3) Charge controller (12/24volt)
4) Solar cable 12 AWG (12 guage solar cable)
5) Solar panel (150 Watt)

Typical Explanation:

The power you consume is measured in Watts. If your laptop consumes 65 Watts for example and your standing fan 30 Watts.
 So 65+30=95 Watts.
This setup will power that your laptop and fan from 8am to 10pm every blessed, bright or sunny day, only on one condition, if you don't put your panel on the roof but a place where you can position it 3 times a day towards the direction of the sun.
In this case, you have to charge from 8 am to 4pm, that’s about 8 hours of charge time or insolation period.
If you have a 150 watt solar panel and 100 AH battery bank, you should be able to charge and use at the same time, so when the sun stops charging the battery by 4pm you should have a full battery and to know the power stored in that full 12 volts,100AH battery, use a simple multiplication formula. The ampere (or amps) is the amount of electricity used. Voltage measures the force or pressure of the electricity. The number of watts is equal to amps multiplied by volts

VOLTS x AMPS = WATTS
So 12 volts x 100 AH = 1200 Watt- hour
So at full charge your battery should have 1200 watts-hour of power to use when the sun goes down and the battery not charging anymore.

So how long can your laptop and fan which is 95 Watts use this 1200 Watts-hour? Simple, just divide
1200 ÷ 95 = 12.6 hours.

Hummmmm, you are kidding me. But do you know the truth; a good inverter will not suck all that 1200 Watt-hour before the low battery alarm kicks off. So let's do a rough estimate, divide 12 hours by 2 to get about 6 hours.
Also for your battery to last, you should always discharge it to 50%

so, if we have a full battery by 4pm plus additional 6 hours, that takes us to 10pm. That is about 14 hours of non-stop power. Wow amazing isn't it?

EXPLANATION OF THE COMPONENTS (where to buy)

1) BATTERY

For most of us who might be wondering what kind of battery solar system uses, or those who will be asking, can I use a heavy duty car battery such as a trailer battery, car battery, UPS battery or any other battery?
The answer is Yes, with a BIG BUT. These batteries mentioned above can generate electricity but they are not suitable and not efficient and so will not stand the tast of time.

I once used two 12volts 7AH UPS batteries to generate electricity that could power my laptop, ceiling fan and charge phones, but it wasn’t reliable as you can see in this video below

I started my experiment using two 12volts UPS, but I had to upgrade my batteries to 200 AH to avoid damage to my inverter.

So, what am trying to say is that, the recommended solar system battery is the Deep cycle battery, it is able to provide power gradually for a very long period of time, but a car battery is designed to provide instantaneous power, which is over a short period of time.

The battery stores the power which the solar panel produces during the day so that you can make use of it at night, batteries comes in different volts and amps, these volts and amps are common, 2volts, 6 volts and 12 volts. and 100AH, 150AH and 200AH are examples of comon battery amps you can easily get

2) INVERTER

Inverters comes with specific voltages like12, 24 and 48volt, some inverters are designed for 110 volts. The most common ones are 12 and 24 volts inverters. So when you hear I have a 12 volts system, that individual is trying to say that his inverter is designed to accept 12volts, so that inverter must be connected to a 12 volts battery,

So if you are using 10 batteries for your solar system setup, all your batteries must be connected in parallel, i.e. parallel connection increases the amps hour of the batteries but the voltage remains the same

If for instance I have 10 batteries which are 12 volts, connecting in parallel will give me 12volts.
When connecting your batteries in Series you are doubling the voltage while maintaining the same capacity rating (amp hours).
If an individual says I have a 24 volts system, it means her inverter accepts 24 volts, so two 12 volts batteries must be connected in series because series connection will increase the volts of batteries connected.
The power of an inverter is measured in watt or kva, a 1000 watt inverter is equivalent to 1 kva

3) CHARGE CONTROLLER

A charge controller, just as the name implies is a device that controls the charging of a battery.


80A 12V 24V Solar Charge Controller It is the middleman between the solar panel and the battery, it stop the battery from charging when it is full and initiates charging when the battery is not in full mode, there are two major types, the PWM (pause with modulation) and MPPT (maximum power point tracking).
PWM Solar Charge Controller 10A 20A 30A Regulator 12V 24V Auto Big Display with Dual USB 5V for Home PV System Lighting 2017 NEW


MPPT is expensive but better than the PWN, it is 92% efficient while PWM is 80% efficient. the choice of your Charge Controller can determine how efficient your system is.

Tracer 3210A EPsloar 30A MPPT Solar Charge Controller 12V 24V LCD Diaplay EPEVER Regulators

4) SOLAR CABLE

This is not just any kind of wire, it is designed specifically for solar installation and it does not have the negative and positive cables wrapped together. They are separate which makes it unique, the recommended quage is usually 10 or 12 AWG (meaning 10 or 12 guage), this wire usually comes in black and red color.

1meter Red+1meter Black Silicon Wire 12AWG 14AWG 16AWG 22AWG 24AWG Heatproof Soft Silicone Silica Gel Wire Cable
5) SOLAR PANEL

This is the most durable component of solar setup, good solar panels can last 25 years, we have more than two types but the most common are monocrystalline and polycrystalline. The material difference between polycrystalline and monocrystalline rests in the composition of the silicon substrate used to make solar cells, and in turn solar panels.
As the name implies, monocrystalline means “a single crystal,” while polycrystalline means “many crystals. The mono is better and more expensive than the poly

They are also rated in volts and watts, the commons ones are 12 (18) and 24 (36) volts, the common watts are 80, 100, 130, 150, 250,and 300 watts.
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This device traps energy from the sun, sends it to the charge controller, the function of the charge controller is to reduce the rated voltage to battery voltage i.e. the charge controller receives 18 volts from the solar panel and reduces it to 12 volts before it is sent into the battery in a 12 volts system same as in a 24 volts system, the charge controller receives 36 volts but reduces it to 24 volts. 

Solar system calculations are never 100% accurate because energy is lost as it moves from one position to another, this is just an idea you can hold on to, meaning you don’t need to have $5,000 before you can have a solar system, start small and upgrade later.

With the example above, anytime I want to power more gadgets like
2 TV 65 Watts      = 130 watt
2 Laptop 65 watts = 130 watt
3 Fan 30 watts        = 90 watt
1 Sup woofer           =25 watt

130+130+90+25 = 375 watts 

Remember, I may not use all the gadgets at the same time, this is what I need to do; I will have to add 2 more 150 watt solar panels, that is a total of 3.


An MPPT charge controller is the best for this because it charges the battery faster than the PWM charge controller, as long as my charge controller can handle 450 watts of power coming from the solar panel

3 x 150 watts = 450 watts, 

2 x 100 AH battery = 200 AH
3 x 100 AH battery = 300 AH
So
For 2 batteries, 12 volts x 200 AH = 2400 watts, 2400/375 watts = 6.4 hours. @ 50% 6.4/2= 3.2 hours
For 3 batteries, 12 volts x 300 AH = 3600 watts 3600/375 watts = 9.6 hours. @ 50% 9.6/2 = 4.8 hours

For questions or comments, see below. Share this as most people are asking this same queston. 

Thanks for your time

CONVERSATION

26 comments:

  1. very very educative, thanks a lot. But please the last part of your calculation/explanation is not clear:

    " 2/3 x100 AH battery = 200/300 AH
    So
    For 2 batteries, 12 volts x 200 AH = 2400 watts, 2400/375 watts = 6.4 hours 6.4/2= 3.2 hours
    For 3 batteries, 12 volts x 300 AH = 3600 watts 3600/375 watts = 9.6 hours 9.6/2 = 4.8 hours"

    kindly elaborate on this.
    Thanks

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  2. Hello Daniel,
    Let me split it, 2 and 3 you see below simply means NUMBER OF BATTERIES

    2 x 100AH batteries = 200AH
    3 x 100AH batteries = 300AH

    Big battery capacity is measured in amp or amp/hour i.e. my solar system battery is 200AH

    Small batteries For example your android phone battery capacity is measure in milliamp i.e. my tecno phone battery capacity is 2430mAh. mAh means milliamp-hours

    An amp is a measure of electrical current, and the hour indicates the length of time that the battery can supply this current. A 2.2Ah battery can supply 2.2 amps for an hour.

    Let’s assume I have two 100AH 12 Volts batteries that will give me a total of 200AH. To find how many watt I have at full charge, I multiply 200AH by 12 volts

    Amps x volts = watt
    200 x 12 = 2400watt

    Now, what is the watt of what I want to use? Let me use one electronic for example, my TV set is rated 65 watt (check the back of the TV, you will see the wattage)

    Here is the question, how long can I use my TV on this my 2400 watt battery
    2400/65 = 36 hours

    So I can use my TV for I day 12 hours before i need to charge that battery.
    Hope you understand now

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